What is the split phase?
Split-phase is a type of electrical power distribution system commonly used in residential and light commercial buildings. It involves splitting a single-phase AC power supply into two separate phases that are 180 degrees out of phase with each other. This configuration allows for the creation of a 120/240-volt electrical system, which is commonly used in North America and some other regions.
Here’s how a split-phase system works:
Single-Phase Supply: The power supplied by the utility company to most homes and small businesses is single-phase AC power. This means there is one alternating current waveform that provides the electrical energy.
Splitting into Two Phases: In a split-phase system, the single-phase AC power is split into two separate phases. Each phase is carried by a live (hot) wire, and they are 180 degrees out of phase with each other. This means that when one phase is at its positive peak, the other phase is at its negative peak.
Voltage Levels: The voltage between either of the two live (hot) wires and the neutral wire is 120 volts. The voltage between the two live wires is 240 volts. This arrangement allows for the operation of both 120-volt and 240-volt appliances and equipment.
Common Usage: The split-phase configuration is especially useful for distributing power in homes and buildings. It allows for a balance between higher-voltage appliances (such as electric stoves and dryers) and lower-voltage devices (such as lights and smaller electronics).
Example Wiring: In a typical split-phase setup, you might have one live wire connected to one phase of the electrical distribution panel, and the other live wire connected to the opposite phase. These phases are then distributed throughout the building to provide power where needed.
It’s important to note that while the split-phase configuration provides both 120V and 240V voltages, it’s still a single-phase system. Three-phase systems, on the other hand, involve three separate phases and are commonly used in larger industrial applications.
The split-phase system is a foundational aspect of the electrical infrastructure in many parts of the world and plays a key role in providing the electricity needed for residential and light commercial purposes.
